Comparative Psychology
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About Comparative Psychology
Comparative psychology usually refers to the study of the behavior and mental life of animals other than human beings. However, scientists from different disciplines do not always agree on this definition. Comparative psychology has also been described as a branch of psychology in which emphasis is placed on cross-species comparisons—including human-to-animal comparisons.However, some researchers feel that direct comparisons should not be the sole focus of comparative psychology and that intense focus on a single organism to understand its behavior is just as desirable, if not more. Donald Dewsbury reviewed the works of several psychologists and their definitions and concluded that the object of comparative psychology is to establish principles of generality focusing on both proximate and ultimate causation.It has been suggested that the term itself be discarded since it fails to be descriptive of the field but no appropriate replacement has been found. If looking for a precise definition, one may define comparative psychology as psychology concerned with the evolution (phylogenetic history and adaptive significance) and development (ontogenetic history and mechanism) of behavior.Using a comparative approach to behavior allows one to evaluate the target behavior from four different, complementary perspectives, developed by Niko Tinbergen. First, one may ask how pervasive the behavior is across species. Meaning, how common is the behavior in animals? Second, one may ask how the behavior contributes to the lifetime reproductive success of the individuals demonstrating it. Meaning, does it result in those animals producing more offspring than animals not showing the behavior? These two questions provide a theory for the ultimate cause of behavior.Third, what mechanisms are involved in the behavior? Meaning, what physiological, behavioral, and environmental components are necessary and sufficient for the generation of the behavior? Fourth, a researcher may ask about the development of the behavior within an individual. Meaning, what maturational, learning, social experiences must an individual undergo in order to demonstrate a behavior? These latter two questions provide a theory for the proximate causes of behavior. For more details see Tinbergen's four questions.History
The earliest works on "the social organization of ants" and "animal communication and psychology" were written by al-Jahiz, a 9th century Afro-Arab scholar who wrote many works on these subjects. The 11th century Arabic psychologist, Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), wrote the Treatise on the Influence of Melodies on the Souls of Animals, the early treatise dealing with the effects of music on animals. In the treatise, he demonstrates how a camel's pace could be hastened or retarded with the use of music, and shows other examples of how music can affect animal behavior, experimenting with horses, birds and reptiles. Through to the 19th century, a majority of scholars in the Western world continued to believe that music was a distinctly human phenomenon, but experiments since then have vindicated Ibn al-Haytham's view that music does indeed have an effect on animals.Charles Darwin was central in the development of comparative psychology; it is thought that psychology should be spoken in terms of "pre-" and "post-Darwin" because his contributions were so influential. Darwin’s theory lead to several hypotheses, one being that the factors that set humans apart, such as higher mental, moral and spiritual faculties, could be accounted for by evolutionary principles. In response to the vehement opposition to Darwinism was the "anecdotal movement" led by George Romanes who set out to prove that animals possessed a "rudimentary human mind".Near the end of the 19th century, several scientists existed whose work was also very influential. Douglas Alexander Spalding, who was called the "first experimental biologist" worked mostly with birds—studying instinct, imprinting, and visual and auditory development. Jacques Loeb emphasized the importance of objectively studying behavior, Sir John Lubbock is credited with first using mazes and puzzle devices to study learning and Lewis Henry Morgan is thought to be "the first ethologist in the sense in which we presently use the word".Throughout the long history of comparative psychology, repeated attempts have been made to enforce a more disciplined approach, in which similar studies are carried out on animals of different species, and the results interpreted in terms of their different phylogenetic or ecological backgrounds. Behavioral ecology in the 1970s gave a more solid base of knowledge against which a true comparative psychology could develop. However, the broader use of the term "comparative psychology" is enshrined in the names of learned societies and academic journals, not to mention in the minds of psychologists of other specialisms, so it is never likely to disappear completely.A persistent question with which comparative psychologists have been faced is the relative intelligence of different species of animal. Indeed, some early attempts at a genuinely comparative psychology involved evaluating how well animals of different species could learn different tasks. These attempts floundered; in retrospect it can be seen that they were not sufficiently sophisticated, either in their analysis of the demands of different tasks, or in their choice of species to compare. More recent comparative work has been more successful, partly because it has drawn upon studies in ethology and behavioral ecology to make informed choices of species and tasks to compare.[Source: Comparative psychology at Wikipedia]Recomended Resources
Here are some sources of information related to comparative psychology, that are carefully selected based on strict criteria:
- Animal Behavior, Comparitive Psychology and Ethology Resources
Resources on animal behavior, comparative psychology and ethology; this class of behavioral adaptations are known as instincts that typically evolve over many generations.
http://www.psychology.org/links/Environment_Behavior_Relationships/Animal_Behavior-Instinc... - Behavioral Neuroscience and Comparative Psychology
Division 6: Behavioral Neuroscience and Comparative Psychology members are devoted to studying the biology of behavior. Their focus is on behavior and its relation to perception, learning, memory, cognition, motivation, and emotion. Behavioral neuroscientists study the brain in relation to behavior, its evolution, functions, abnormalities, and repair, as well as its interactions with the immune system, cardiovascular system, and energy regulation systems. Comparative psychologists study the behavior of humans and other animals, with a special eye on similarities and differences that may shed light on evolutionary and developmental processes.
http://www.apa.org/about/division/div6.aspx - Comparative Psychology
This chapter was prepared following a series of visits to laboratories and field stations where comparative psychology is under very active investigation. ...
http://web.utk.edu/%7Ewverplan/biblio28.html - Comparative Psychology - Psychology Definition of the Week
May 29, 2009 ... Definition: Comparative psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with the study of animal behavior. Modern research on animal ...
http://psychology.about.com/b/2009/05/29/comparative-psychology-psychology-definition-of-t... - Comparative Psychology - Resources and Information About ...
Comparative psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with the study of animal behavior. The study of animal behavior can lead to a deeper and ...
http://psychology.about.com/od/comparativepsychology/Comparative_Psychology.htm - Comparative Psychology - What Is Comparative Psychology
Comparative psychology is the study of animal behavior. The study of animal behavior can lead to a deeper and broader understanding of human psychology.
http://psychology.about.com/od/comparativepsychology/f/comparative.htm - Comparative psychology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Comparative psychology usually refers to the study of the behavior and mental life of animals other than human beings. However, scientists from different disciplines do not always agree on this definition. Comparative psychology has also been described as a branch of psychology in which emphasis is placed on cross-species comparisons—including human-to-animal comparisons.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_psychology - comparative psychology -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia
comparative psychology, the study of similarities and differences in behavioral organization among living beings, from bacteria to plants to humans.
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/129669/comparative-psychology - International Society for Comparative Psychology
Welcome to the web site of the International Society for Comparative Psychology (ISCP). This society was founded in 1980 and held its first meeting in 1983. ...
http://www.comparativepsychology.org/ - Journal of Comparative Psychology
Journal of Comparative Psychology publishes original empirical and theoretical research from a comparative perspective on the behavior, cognition, ...
http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/com/
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Amazon Books
Here the best 10 books from Amazon related to the term comparative psychology:
 | By: Mauricio R. Papini. Comparative Psychology (second edition) is a core textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate courses in Comparative Psychology, Animal Behavior, and Evolutionary Psychology. Its main goal is to introduce the student to evolutionary and developmental approaches to the study of animal behavior. The structure of the book reflects the principal areas of importance to psychology students studying animal behavior: evolution, physiological issues, learning and cognition, development, and social evolution. Throughout, this text includes many examples drawn from the study of human behavior, highlighting general and basic principles that apply broadly to the animal kingdom. Book Title: Comparative Psychology: Evolution and Development of Behavior, 2nd Edition. Author: Mauricio R. Papini. Publisher: Psychology Press. Published: 2008-05-30. ASIN: 1841694606. ISBN: 1841694606. EAN: 9781841694603. Binding: Paperback. Price: $57.50 |
 | This volume offers a comparative, cross-cultural history of dreams. The essays examine a wide range of texts concerning dreams, as culled from a rich variety of religious contexts: China, India, the Americas, classical Greek and Roman antiquity, early Christianity, and medieval Judaism and Islam. Taken together, these pieces constitute an important first step toward a new understanding of the differences and similarities between the ways in which different cultures experience the universal yet utterly unique world of dreams. Book Title: Dream Cultures: Explorations in the Comparative History of Dreaming. Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA. Published: 1999-07-08. ASIN: 0195123360. ISBN: 0195123360. EAN: 9780195123364. Binding: Hardcover. Price: $110.00 |
 | By: Jacques Vauclair. Animal Cognition presents a clear, concise, and comprehensive overview of what we know about cognitive processes in animals. Focusing mainly on what has been learned from experimental research, Vauclair presents a wide-ranging review of studies of many kinds of animals--bees and wasps, cats and dogs, dolphins and sea otters, pigeons and titmice, baboons, chimpanzees, vervet monkeys, and Japanese macaques. He also offers a novel discussion of the ways Piaget's theory of cognitive development and Piagetian concepts may be used to develop models for the study of animal cognition. Individual chapters review the current state of our knowledge about specific kinds of cognition in animals: tool use and spatial and temporal representations; social cognition--how animals manage their relational life and the cognitive organization that sustains social behaviors; representation, communication, and language; and imitation, self-recognition, and the theory of mind--what animals know about themselves. The book closes with Vauclair's "agenda for comparative cognition." Here he examines the relationship of the experimental approach to other fields and methods of inquiry, such as cognitive ethology and the ecological approach to species comparisons. It is here, too, that Vauclair addresses the key issue of continuity, or its absence, between animal and human cognition. Given our still limited knowledge of cognitive systems in animals, Vauclair argues, researchers should be less concerned with the "why" question--the evolutionary or ecological explanations for differences in cognition between the species--and more concerned with the "what"--the careful work that is needed to increase our understanding of similarities and differences in cognitive processes. This thoughtful and lively book will be of great value to students of animal behavior and to anyone who desires a better understanding of humankind's relations to other living creatures. Book Title: Animal Cognition: An Introduction to Modern Comparative Psychology. Author: Jacques Vauclair. Publisher: Harvard University Press. Published: 1996-08-15. ASIN: 0674037030. ISBN: 0674037030. EAN: 9780674037038. Binding: Hardcover. Price: $59.00 |
 | By: Don J. Sharpsteen Ph.D., CLEP, Psychology Study Guides. REA Real review, Real practice, Real results. An easier path to a college degree get college credits without the classes. CLEP INTRODUCTORY PSYCHOLOGY with TESTware Includes CD with timed practice tests, instant scoring, and more. Based on today’s official CLEP exam Are you prepared to excel on the CLEP? * Take the first practice test to discover what you know and what you should know * Set up a flexible study schedule by following our easy timeline * Use REA's advice to ready yourself for proper study and success Study what you need to know to pass the exam * The book's on-target subject review features coverage of all topics on the official CLEP exam, including biological bases of behavior, sensation and perception, learning, cognition, and more * Key tutorials enhance specific abilities needed on the test * Targeted drills increase comprehension and help organize study Practice for real * Create the closest experience to test-day conditions with the book’s 2 full-length practice tests on REA’s TESTware CD, featuring test-taking against the clock, instant scoring by topic, handy mark-and-return function, pause function, and more. * OR choose paper-and-pencil testing at your own pace * Chart your progress with full and detailed explanations of all answers * Boost your confidence with test-taking strategies and experienced advice Specially Written for Solo Test Preparation! REA is the acknowledged leader in CLEP preparation, with the most extensive library of CLEP titles and software available. Most titles are also offered with REA's exclusive TESTware software to make your practice more effective and more like exam day. REA's CLEP Prep guides will help you get valuable credits, save on tuition, and advance your chosen career by earning a college degree. Book Title: CLEP: Introductory Psychology, TestWare Edition (Book & CD-ROM). Author: Don J. Sharpsteen Ph.D., CLEP, Psychology Study Guides. Publisher: Research & Education Association. Published: 2005-05-03. ASIN: 0738600873. ISBN: 0738600873. EAN: 9780738600871. Binding: Paperback. Price: $34.95 |
 | Comparative Approaches to Cognitive Science consolidates a series of recent advances in cognitive science, describing a novel, animal-based, largely nonsymbolic approach to understanding basic mechanisms in adaptive intelligence. Scholars who are at the cutting edge of their disciplines clearly explain their concepts and techniques in twenty contributions that provide a balance of both theoretical and empirical approaches.The essays are tied together by the idea that our understanding of cognition is likely to be enhanced by consideration of mechanisms and processes at its foundation -- mechanisms that are shared by both human and nonhuman animals -- and which may be implemented and tested in some simulated animals or built robots.The themes described in the book include considerations of the perceptual and motor abilities of animals as the evolutionary and conceptual foundation of more complex abilities; modeling focused as much on connections and constraints as on language and symbols; an interest in simple adaptive processes in animals and robots as the basis for more complex forms of learning and adaptation; and a consideration of animals and robots as integrated and situated systems in contrast to the reductionist and environment-free frameworks often seen in standard cognitive science.A part of the book considers the question of intentionality in animals - whether they "know they know," or have beliefs - and how that might implicate behavior. Other sections address how representation, communication, motivation, and emotion affect behavior.Contributors: C. Allen. M. Bekoff. M. A. Boden. W. T. Bourbon. G. Butterworth. P. W. Cheng. J. Delacour. D. C. Dennett. M. Dyer. C. S. Evans. N. Frijda. J. P. Halperin. K. J. Holyoak. P. Marler. D. MacFarland. B. W. Mel. J.-A. Meyer. J. Neiworth. H. L. Roitblat. C. Thinus-Blanc. R. K. R. Thompson. F. Toates. Book Title: Comparative Approaches to Cognitive Science. Publisher: The MIT Press. Published: 1995-12-14. ASIN: 0262181665. ISBN: 0262181665. EAN: 9780262181662. Binding: Hardcover. Price: $85.00 |
 | By: C. G. Jung. Extracted from Volumes 11 and 18. This selection of Jung's writings brings together a number of articles that are necessary for the understanding of his interpretation of the religious life and development of Western man: views that are central to his psychological thought. Book Title: Psychology and Western Religion: (From Vols. 11, 18 Collected Works) (Jung Extracts). Author: C. G. Jung. Publisher: Princeton University Press. Published: 1984-12-01. ASIN: 0691018626. ISBN: 0691018626. EAN: 9780691018621. Binding: Paperback. Price: $24.95 |
 | By: C. Ray Carpenter. Book Title: A field study of the behavior and social relations of howling monkeys, (Comparative psychology monographs). Author: C. Ray Carpenter. Publisher: Johns Hopkins Press. Published: 1934. ASIN: B00085DFG8. Binding: Paperback |
 | In the past decade, the field of comparative cognition has grown and thrived. No less rigorous than purely behavioristic investigations, examinations of animal intelligence are useful for scientists and psychologists alike in their quest to understand the nature and mechanisms of intelligence. Extensive field research of various species has yielded exciting new areas of research, integrating findings from psychology, behavioral ecology, and ethology in a unique and wide-ranging synthesis of theory and research on animal cognition. This updated edition of The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Cognition contains sections on perception and illusion, attention and search, memory processes, spatial cognition, conceptualization and categorization, problem solving and behavioral flexibility, and social cognition processes. The authors have incorporated new findings and new theoretical approaches that reflect the current state of the field, including findings in primate tool usage, pattern learning, and counting. This comprehensive volume will be a must-read for students and scientists who are curious about the state of the art of the modern science of comparative cognition. Book Title: The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Cognition (Oxford Library of Psychology). Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA. Published: 2012-03-20. ASIN: 0195392663. ISBN: 0195392663. EAN: 9780195392661. Binding: Hardcover. Price: $175.00 |
 | Book Title: The Impossible Escape: Studies on the Tonic Immobility in Animals from a Comparative Psychology. Publisher: . Published: 2011-11-05. ASIN: 1621001830. ISBN: 1621001830. EAN: 9781621001836. Binding: Paperback. Price: $47.00 |
 | By: Heinz Werner. This classic work, first published in German in 1926 and subsequently in English in 1940, was the first comprehensive introduction to the field of comparative developmental psychology. In her new prologue to this reprint of the revised edition, originally published by International Universities Press in 1948, Margery Franklin sketches the key events in Werner's life, the major themes in his concept of development, and relevant issues for today's scholars.Book Title: Comparative Psychology of Mental Development (Foundations of Psychology). Author: Heinz Werner. Publisher: Percheron Press/Eliot Werner Publications. Published: 2012-03-14. ASIN: 0971958718. ISBN: 0971958718. EAN: 9780971958715. Binding: Paperback. Price: $49.50 |
YouTube Videos
Here 10 videos from YouTube that best match with the term comparative psychology:
 | This is the second of a small series I present on the comparative aspects of non-human primate psychology where I demonstrate the biologically conserved potential for and cultural propagation of culture, which I define as "a unique suite of behavioral characteristics, taught by experts as a model for shaping behaviors that directly affect adaptability, mutually constructed and shared by all participants within the group, and that distinguishes from others over time". Thiswork meets the Fair-use Statute Section 107 of the 1976 Copyright Act: 1. The purpose and character of the use is for nonprofit educational purposes. 2. The nature of the material is factual. 3. The amount and significance of the portion used in relation to the entire work is not significant. 4. The use will have no effect upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work. This segment is currently important for use in my Ph.D. research as well as the high school science classes I teach. |
 | This is a demonstration of operant conditioning in the goldfish. We use a device called the Fish Stick (PetSci LLC) which presents discriminative stimuli in the form of light or vibration. The reinforcement for hitting the nipple is food. The Fish Stick is useful for demonstrating basic principles of operant conditioning including shaping, extinction, spontaneous recovery, and schedule effects. More complex behavior can also be studied including reversal learning and compound conditioning. The video clip shows a brief sample of the shaping technique followed by a simple discrimination experiment in which a light serves as a feeding cue. When the light is off no food can be obtained. After a few experiences the fish learns to readily bump the nipple when the light is on and to turn away when it is off. A device such as that presented here can easily be used for student projects and classroom use related to operant conditioning and comparative psychology. |
 | This is the second of a small series I present on the comparative aspects of non-human primate psychology where I demonstrate the biologically conserved potential for and cultural propagation of culture, which I define as "a unique suite of behavioral characteristics, taught by experts as a model for shaping behaviors that directly affect adaptability, mutually constructed and shared by all participants within the group, and that distinguishes from others over time". Thiswork meets the Fair-use Statute Section 107 of the 1976 Copyright Act: 1. The purpose and character of the use is for nonprofit educational purposes. 2. The nature of the material is factual. 3. The amount and significance of the portion used in relation to the entire work is not significant. 4. The use will have no effect upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work. This segment is currently important for use in my Ph.D. research as well as the high school science classes I teach. |
 | This is the last in a small series I present on the comparative aspects of non-human primate developmental psychology where I demonstrate the biologically conserved potential for and cultural propagation of culture, which I define as "a unique suite of behavioural characteristics, taught by experts as a model for shaping behaviours that directly affect adaptability, mutually constructed and shared by all participants within the group, and that distinguishes from others over time". Thiswork meets the Fair-use Statute Section 107 of the 1976 Copyright Act: 1. The purpose and character of the use is for nonprofit educational purposes. 2. The nature of the material is factual. 3. The amount and significance of the portion used in relation to the entire work is not significant. 4. The use will have no effect upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work. This segment is currently important for use in my Ph.D. research as well as the high school science classes I teach. |
 | Comparative psychology refers to the scientific study of the behavior and mental processes of non-human animals, especially as these relate to the phylogenetic history, adaptive significance, and development of behavior. Research in this area addresses many different issues, uses many different methods, and explores the behavior of many different species, from insects to primates. |
 | This is the third of a small series I present on the comparative aspects of non-human primate psychology where I demonstrate the biologically conserved potential for and cultural propagation of culture, which I define as "a unique suite of behavioural characteristics, taught by experts as a model for shaping behaviours that directly affect adaptability, mutually constructed and shared by all participants within the group, and that distinguishes from others over time". Thiswork meets the Fair-use Statute Section 107 of the 1976 Copyright Act: 1. The purpose and character of the use is for nonprofit educational purposes. 2. The nature of the material is factual. 3. The amount and significance of the portion used in relation to the entire work is not significant.. 4. The use will have no effect upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work. This segment is currently important for use in my Ph.D. research as well as the high school science classes I teach. |
 | Comparative psychology refers to the scientific study of the behavior and mental processes of non-human animals, especially as these relate to the phylogenetic history, adaptive significance, and development of behavior. |
 | This video segment is a collection of data taken from one of the earliest comparative psychology research studies focusing on human and chimpanzee infant development. Winthrop and Luella Kellogg began this study in 1931, and it continued for 9 months, demonstrating essentially identical cognitive development between human and chimpanzee during the first two years. Thiswork meets the Fair-use Statute Section 107 of the 1976 Copyright Act: 1. The purpose and character of the use is for nonprofit educational purposes. 2. The nature of the material is factual. 3. The amount and significance of the portion used in relation to the entire work is not significant. 4. The use will have no effect upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work. This segment is currently important for use in my Ph.D. research as well as the high school science classes I teach. |
 | For the last month I have been teaching Kili my Senegal Parrot to work on a 4 piece shapes and colors puzzle. This was by all means the most challenging trick I have taught her to date. This is not just a parrot trick but really a test of the parrot's reasoning capabilities. Here is a one year old parrot doing the thinking of a two year old human child. It is simply incredible. The parrot really deserves a lot of credit because she is really smart. My involvement as a trainer was mainly to get her to understand the necessity of getting the pieces into their respective locations but I could not teach her how to align the shapes. She had to go through a month of trial and error to learn how each piece slides into its proper location. Every shape is different and the parrot can only use its beak to guide the pieces into the slots, this is very impressive. I don't think she has fully learned the puzzle yet and rather than doing it from memory, she still tries fitting pieces into different slots to feel where it should fit. This demonstrates that she sooner understands the concept of trial and error rather than having made a positive correlation between colors or shapes. I know for a fact that she knows clearly that the yellow circle piece goes into the yellow slot but I have seen her get the blue and green pieces confused and try to stick the triangle into the square or vice verse. It seems to me that she uses trial and error in combination with memorization of colors. I have ... Video Title: Kili Senegal Parrot - Parrot Does Four Piece Shapes/Colors Puzzle. Length: 7:01:09. View: 42203 |
 | This is a video segment was produced to provide a comparative psychology/evolutionary psychology perspective of overindulgence, which is generally described as a pattern of behaviours among authority figures that frequently results in behaviours characterized by dependence, irrepsonsiblity, and disrespect/defiance (occasionally all three) among those who are being reared or mentored. Thiswork meets the Fair-use Statute Section 107 of the 1976 Copyright Act: 1. The purpose and character of the use is for nonprofit educational purposes. 2. The nature of the material is factual. 3. The amount and significance of the portion used in relation to the entire work is less than 1%. 4. The use will have no effect upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work. This segment is currently important for use in my Ph.D. research as well as the high school science classes I teach. |
Bing WebSearch
Here are 20 links from Bing search engine associated with the term comparative psychology:
- Comparative psychology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Comparative psychology generally refers to the scientific study of the behavior and mental processes of non-human animals. However, scientists from different ...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_psychology - Comparative Psychology - What Is Comparative Psychology
Comparative psychology is the study of animal behavior. The study of animal behavior can lead to a deeper and broader understanding of human psychology. Learn more ...
http://psychology.about.com/od/comparativepsychology/f/comparative.htm - Comparative psychology: Information from Answers.com
Comparative psychology generally refers to the scientific study of the behavior and mental processes of non-human animals. However, scientists from different ...
http://www.answers.com/topic/comparative-psychology-1 - ISCP
Welcome to the web site of the International Society for Comparative Psychology (ISCP). This society was founded in 1980 and held its first meeting in 1983.
http://www.comparativepsychology.org/index.html - comparative psychology -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia
comparative psychology, the study of similarities and differences in behavioral organization among living beings, from bacteria to plants to humans. The discipline ...
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/129669/comparative-psychology - Comparative psychology - Psychology Wiki
Comparative psychology, taken in its most usual, broad sense, refers to the study of the behaviour a
http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Category:Comparative_psychology - Comparative psychology - Definition | WordIQ.com
Comparative psychology, taken in its most usual, broad, sense, refers in to the study of the behaviour and mental life of animals other than human beings.
http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Comparative_psychology - Comparative Psychology - The University of Tennessee - Knoxville
Comparative Psychology 1 William S. Verplanck 2 This chapter was prepared following a series of visits to laboratories and field stations where comparative psychology ...
http://web.utk.edu/~wverplan/biblio28.html - Journal of Comparative Psychology® - American Psychological ...
Journal of Comparative Psychology® publishes original empirical and theoretical research from a comparative perspective on the behavior, cognition, perception, and ...
http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/com/ - Comparative psychology - Science Daily: News & Articles in Science ...
Comparative psychology, taken in its most usual, broad sense, refers to the study of the behavior and mental life of animals other than human beings. It is synonymous ...
http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/c/comparative_psychology.htm - Comparative psychology | Define Comparative psychology at ...
noun a branch of psychology involving the study and comparison of the behaviors of diverse animal species, often under controlled laboratory experiments, in order to ...
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Comparative+psychology - Comparative psychology
Comparative psychology Comparative psychology, taken in its most usual, broad, sense, refers in to the study of the behaviour and mental life of animals other than ...
http://www.fact-index.com/c/co/comparative_psychology.html - Comparative Psychology
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http://comppsy.com/ - Comparative psychology - eNotes.com Reference
Comparative psychology usually refers to the study of the behavior and mental life of animals other than human beings. However, scientists from different disciplines ...
http://www.enotes.com/topic/Comparative_psychology - Comparative Psychology: Evolution and Development of Behavior by ...
Alibris has Comparative Psychology: Evolution and Development of Behavior and other books by Mauricio R Papini, including new & used copies, rare, out-of-print signed ...
http://www.alibris.com/search/books/qwork/7953352/used/Comparative%20Psychology%3A%20Evolu... - Comparative Psychology and Animal Learning
Chapter 13. Comparative Psychology and Animal Learning. Jesse E. Purdy, Southwestern University and Michael Domjan, University of Texas at Austin
http://teachpsych.org/ebooks/faces/script/Ch13.htm - Comparative psychology - PediaView.com Open Source Encyclopedia ...
Psychology History Subfields Basic... ... Comparative psychology generally refers to the scientific study of the behavior and mental processes of non-human animals.
http://pediaview.com/openpedia/Comparative_psychology - Comparative Psychology - LotsOfEssays.com - Over 32,000 essays ...
An essay or paper on Comparative Psychology. Papini (2008) states that comparative psychology is the study of similarities and differences in the behavior of living ...
http://www.lotsofessays.com/viewpaper/2000043.html - MITECS: Comparative Psychology
Comparative Psychology. The comparative study of animal and human cognition should be an important part of cognitive science. The field of comparative psychology ...
http://www.rm-f.net/%7Epennywis/MITECS/Articles/tomasello - Amazon.com: Comparative Psychology: Evolution and Development of ...
This introduction to the evolutionary and developmental principles underlying the study of animal behavior provides a broad view of animal behavior from the ...
http://www.amazon.com/Comparative-Psychology-Evolution-Development-Behavior/dp/0130804290
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